Spray nozzle



SPRAY NOZZLE Israel H. Marantz, Forest Hills, N. Y assignor to ColumbiaCable & Electric Corporation, a corporation of New York ApplicationFebruary 28, 1955, Serial No. 491,151

3 Claims. (Cl. 29928.7)

It is noted that in nozzles of the type to spray particles of metal forexample, which are heated by aninflammable gas to a highly plastic statealmost reaching molten condition, the abrasive action caused by themovement of the particles through the nozzle will, after a long periodof-use, wear away the walls of the passageway through which theparticles are forced with resultant inoperativeness of the nozzle andneed for replacement of the entire unit with resultant relatively highcost.

It is accordingly among the objects of the invention to provide aninexpensive spray nozzle that is neat, com

pact and sturdy, that has but few parts and whichis not of the mainportion of the nozzle tip so that replacement costs will be reduced to aminimum.

Where to increase the output of a spray nozzle ,of the above type, theoutlet is enlarged to increasethe diameter of the stream of particlesexpelled therefrom, as the particles in the core-of the stream will besubstantially unaffected by the ignited inflammable gas associated withthe stream of particles, such substantially unheated par-- ticles willnotadhere to the article being sprayed with resultant inefficiency ofthe nozzle. I

Where the particles expelled from the nozzle are heated to the highlyplastic condition-as 'soon' as they emerge from the nozzle, suchparticles may adhere to the nozzle with resultantclogging of the latter.

Y It is accordingly another object of the invention to provide aspraynozzle of the above type that will have a relatively high outputyet with assuran cethat all oftheparticles expelled therefrom will beuniformly heated to the desired'condition forloptimurn adhesion to theobject being sprayed and with assurance that the particles will not beheated sufiiciently immediately upon emergence from the nozzle to clogthe latter.

This application is a continuation-in-part of copending applicationSerial No. 290,764, filed May 29, 1952, now abandoned.

According to the invention, these objects are accomplished by thearrangement and combination of elements hereinafter described andparticularly recited in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings in which are shown one or more of variouspossible embodiments of the several features of the invention,

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the nozzle,

Fig. 2 is an end view of the nozzle,

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of anotherembodiment of the nozzles,

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of still another embodiment ofthe nozzle, and

Fig. 5 is an exploded view of the embodiment of Fig. 4.

Referring now to the drawings, the spray nozzle shown in Fig. ldesirably comprises a substantially cylindrical which desirably has anaxial bore 12 extending therethrough. The rear end of bore 12 isdesirably of enlarged diameter as at 13 and is internally threaded asat'14 to receive the threaded reduced end 15 of a handle 16.

The front end of the body portion 11 is desirably of reduced diameter asat 17 forming a beveled shoulder 18.

Affixed to such reduced end 17 is the nozzle tip 21 which desirably issubstantially cylindrical as shown and has an axial bore 22 therethroughof enlarged diameter at its rear end 23, said enlarged diameter end ofbore 22 being internally threaded as at 24 so that it may be screwed onthe correspondingly externally threaded end 17 of the body portion 11.Desirably the nose of reduced end 17 has an outstanding annular flange25 against which the shoulder 26 formed by the enlargement of bore 22may abut, to provide a tight seal.

Means are desirably provided to propel a stream of particles through thealigned bores 12 and 22 in the body portion 11 and the tip 21respectively. To this end the bore 12 desirably has a plug 31 afiixedthereinnear the enlarged portion 13 thereof, said plug 31 having asubstantially conical nose 32 and desirably having an axial bore 33therethrough of enlarged diameter as at 34at its rear end. Although theplug 31 may be atfixed in bore 12 in any suitable manner, in theembodiment herein shown, the plug 31 is externally threaded so that itmay be screwed into the correspondingly threaded bore.

Theinlet'36 of bore 33 desirably is positioned adjacent a transversepassageway 37 extending through the wall of body portion 11 into theenlargement 13 of bore. 12. Aflixed in passageway 37 is a fitting 38 towhich theoutlet 39 of a suitable gas regulating valve 41 may be afiixed,the inlet 42 of said valve desirably being con-,

51 thereof to develop an intense heat whereby the par- V groove 52adjacent its rear end and a plurality of gas rod 11 which forms the bodyportion of the nozzle and outlet passageways 53 encompassing the axialbore 22 of the tip and converging at their outlet ends 55.

Encompassing the tip 21 is a sleeve 61 which desirabl has a plurality ofradiating fins 62 to provide a large surface area for cooling of suchtip, said sleeve 61 encompassing said annular groove 52 to form agasinlet chamber. Means are desirably provided to force a mixa ture ofsuitable highly inflammable gases into the groove 52. To this end thesleeve 61 has a lateral passageway 64 therethrough in communication atone end with said groove 52, the other end of said passageway having theend 65 of a tube 66 afiixed therein. The other end. 67 of tube 66 has amanifold 68 suitably affixed thereon so that a mixture of inflammablegases such as oxygen and acetylene may be forced through the bore 69 oftube 66.

As shown in Fig. l, the manifold 68 desirably comprises a circular block71 having an axial extension 72 of reduced diameter. The block 71desirably has two bores 73 and 74 leading thereinto, the inlet ends ofwhich have fittings 75 and 76 secured therein respectively, to whichsources of oxygen an acetylene gas may be connected respectively.

The axial extension 72 of the manifold desirably has a bore'81therethrough, the inner end 82 of which is connected by passageway 83 tothe bore 73 of the mania,

fold. Although themanifold may be afiixed totube 66 in any suitablemanner, in the embodiment shown, a sleeve 86 encompassing tube 65 hasits externally threaded end 87 screwed into the correspondingvthreadedbore-81.

Thus-whenthe sleeve is rotated in bore 81: and: abuts against an annularshoulder 84- formed ontube .66 the conical end 91 of bore 81 will bepressed tightly agamst' the conicalend 92 of tube 66- securely to retainthe manifold affixed; tothe tube.

The conical -end-92=-of tube 66desir-ably has an-annular groove 95in itsperiphery which-coacts with a. corresponding annular-groove 96- intheboreof manifold 68 to form an annular-gaschamber 97*, said-chamberbeing'in communication-withthe bore-69 of tube66-by meansofa pluralityofinclined. passageways 98 and being supplied w-ithgas from-bore-74through apassageway 99.-

Means are; desirably provided to cool the tip- 21+ and to'preventspreading of .thestream at particles emergingfrom the outlet 51 thereof.T o-this end, the-tip 21thas an annular groove 7 101 'therein which isencompassed by the sleeve 61 toform anair--chamber.- The tip -21 de-.sirabl y ha's a plurality of passageways 1o2-leading-fromt said groove101 to the outer end ofthetip, said passage-- ways converging attheiroutlets ends 105 which form-a ringencompassingsthe I outlets -55 of thepassageways 53 A and the outletil of the tip."

In-order to supplytheair chamber'definedbyannulargroove -1, thesleeve6-1=has a lateral passageway 106 therethrough in communication at oneend with-groove- 101. The other end ofsaid-passageway-hasa fitting-10-7rtherein-to which the. outlet of a suitable air regulating valve-108-maybe afiixed, the inlet-1090f said valve desirably being-connectedto asource ofcompressedair (not shown);

In-theoperation ofthe nozzle shown in Figs. 1 and 2,

as compressed air is forced through'fitting 38'into theenlargedport-ion13 of bore 12, such air willpass through the bores 34and 33ofplug 31-and emerges from the out1et-end-32 thereof as a highvelocity jet. This jet will from the outlets 55' thereof as a circularstream encompassingthe stream of gas and particles. The inflammablegases may be ignited by any suitable means causing the particles tosoften to a highly plastic, though not molten state. a

By reason of the converging passageways'102 con-' nected to annulargroove 101; excessive spreading of the spray of particles and gasemerging from outlet-51' of tip21-is prevented. Thus the high velocityjets from the outlets 105 of passageways 102 will strikef the peripheryof the stream of particles and air emerging from outlet 51" therebysubstantially preventing spreading of such stream.

In addition, as the air emerging from outlet 105is relatively cool, asthe heated particles strike the article being sprayed, they will rapidlycool and congeal thereby preventing dripping of such plasticparticlesfromthe article and ensuring adherence of such particlesthereto.

9 It has been found that as the particles are forced through thebore22in the tip 21, the abrasive. action causedl by such movingparticles, will, aftera long period of use, wear away the inner wall ofthe bore 22j. Suchwearing may cause the passageways 53 ,to be exposed tothe bore 22- with resultant inoperativeness of the de!. vice as theflame caused by the gases would cause the particles to become plastic inthe bore 22.with resultant congealing of such particles in such bore 22and clogging thereof; However, by reason of the ease by which therelatively inexpensive tip 21'may be removed, it is a relatively simplematter to replace the latter without need the nozzle tip 21.

4' i for discarding the entire nozzle. Thus maintenance costs of suchnozzle are relatively low;

The embodiment of the nozzle shown in Fig. 3 is designed to eliminateentirely the need for replacement of i This nozzle is substantiallyidentical to that shown in Fig. 1 and corresponding parts have the samereference numerals primed. Thus, the nozzle shown in Fig. 3 has a metaltube 1101positi'oned in the bore 22 of the tip 21'. The tube 110 is ofdiameter such that it fits snugly in said bore, andidesirably has anoutwardly.

extending annular flange 111 at the rear endthereof which may be clampedbetween the shoulder-26' of tip 21 and flange of body portion 11 therebysecurely retaining the tube in position.

Desirably the end of-bore-22' in-tip 21' adjacent the nose 54 of saidtip, is of enlarged diameter as at 112 forming an annular shoulder 113through which the outlets 55 of passageways 53 extend, the end 114 oftube 110; which extends beyondsaid-shoulder-113; guiding the mixture ofinflammable gases as they-emerge from the outlets 55 of the tip.

With the nozzle. shown in- Fig. 3, the operation of which issubstantially identical to the-nozzle shown in and replace the worntube.

Figs. 1 and 2, the abrasiveaction oftheparticles will wear-away only thetube 110. When this occurs, it is a relatively simplematter to removethetip from the body portion 11 andthen-remove-the tube 110 from the tip Asthe tubes'110 are relatively inexpensive, it is apparent that the nozzleshown in Fig. 3 may-be used for long periods with only aminimum ofmaintenance cost.

In the embodiment shown in Figs. 4 and5, the nozzle tip 21' issubstantially cylindrical being formed from a plurality 'of elements,illustratively five in number and designated respectively the base 121;intermediate elements 122, 123 and 124 and the nose element125which,

. when secured together as by screws 126, define a powder chamber 127,-an air chamber 128, a gas chamber 129' and a second air chamber 131;

The end 133 of the nozzle tip 21" has four concentric annular outlets134, 1135, 136 and 137,in communication respectively withthe chambers127'; 128; 129 and 131 through annular passageways 141, 142; 143 and144.

intermediate element 122; the annular passageway.1 41- being defined -bysaidrod 148and.the inner surface of sleeve 149: i

' The surface 152 of element 122 adjacent bore 151 is desirably concaveand such concave'surface and the recess 147-in base 12 1 define thepowder chamber 127. By reason of such concavity, when powder is forcedunder pressure into chamber 127 through threaded bores 153 and 154 in'base 121, in the manner hereinafter described, it will. be deflectedthereby into the passageway 141.

- Thesleeve 149 extends through arecess 155 in element 122 and through asleeve 156 screwed into a threaded axial' bore 157 in intermediateelement 123; the annular passageway 142 being defined between saidsleeves 149 and 156 and the air chamber 128 being defined by. the recess155 and the adjacent surface 158'of element 123,

Thesleeve 156 extends through arecess 159 in element 123 and through asleeve 161 illustratively formed integral with element 124 and alignedwith' thebore 162 therethrough, the annular passageway. 143 beingdefined between said sleeves 156 and 161 and the gas chamber 129 beingdefined by the recess159 and the adjacent surface of element 124.

To provide a passageway "for air and gas into chambers 128 and 129, theelements 122 and 123 each has a radial bore 163 and 164 respectivelyextending into the asso-- ciated chamber.

Sleeve 161 which has a tapered outer surface, extends through thecorrespondingly tapered bore 166 of nose element 125, the passageway 144being defined between the sleeve 161 and bore 166.

The portion of nose element 125 adjacent element 124 has a recess 167which, when in juxtaposition with element 124 defines the air chamber131. To provide a passageway into chamber 131 the nose element 125 has aradial bore 168 leading into chamber 131 and a fitting 169 is connectedto said bore 168.

The dimensions of the rod 148, the sleeves 149, 156 and 161 and the noseelement 125 are'so selected in the embodiment shown that the outlets134, 135, 136 and 137 all lie in the same plane.

In the operation of the embodiment shown in Figs. 4 and 5, as compressedair is forced through fittings 38' of both body portions 11" in themanner described with respect to the embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2, asuction will be created at the end of passageways 45 adjacent the outletend 32 of plug 31 to suck particles from the source of supply connectedto fitting 46' and to force such particles. into powder chamber 127. Theparticles will be deflected by concave surface 152 and be forced throughannular passageway 141 to be expelled from outlet 134.

A mixture of suitable highly inflammable gases is forced through bore164 into chamber 129 and it will pass through annular passageway 143 tobe expelled as an annular stream from annular outlet 136 encompassingthe annular powder stream expelled from outlet 134. The gases may bemixed in a suitable manifold similar to that shown in Fig. 1 anddesignated by the numeral 68, and which is connected to bore 164.

A source of air under pressure is connected to bore 163 and to fitting169 and such air will flow into the associated chamber 128 and 131,through annular passageways 142 and 144 to be expelled from annularoutlets 1135 and 137.

When the sources of air, gas and powder particles are thus connected,the inflammable gases emerging from annular outlet 136 may be ignited byany suitable means causing the particles to soften to a highly plastic,though not molten state.

By reason of the relatively cool air emerging from annular outlet 135which is between the powder stream and the stream of inflammable gases,such gases will not heat the particles sufiiciently to reduce them tohighly plastic conditions until they are sufiiciently spaced from thenose of the nozzle tip to prevent clogging of the outlets therein.

As the annular stream of air expelled from annular outlet 137 is alsorelatively cool, the nozzle tip 21" will not get excessively hot and asthe heated particles strike the article being sprayed, they will rapidlycool and congeal thereby preventing dripping of such plastic particlesfrom the article and ensuring adherence of such particles thereto.

Furthermore, due to the fact that the stream of air expelled from outlet137 is directed toward the stream of particles and gas, excessivespreading of such particle and gas streams is prevented so that amaximum amount of gas will be in juxtaposition to the particles forheating thereof. In addition, the stream of particles will be relativelyconcentrated so that substantially all of the particles will strike thearticle being sprayed with resultant elimination of waste.

By reason of the relatively large diameter of the annular outlet 134from which the particles are expelled, even though the outlet isrelatively narrow, the quantity of particles expelled is relativelygreat. As the thickness of the annular particle stream is relativelysmall, substantially all the particles in such stream will be uniformlyheated by the gases with assurance that such "an annular outlet forexpelling a stream of powder thereparticles will be reduced to thedesired molten state for optimum adherence to the article being sprayed.In the event of wear of the rod 148 and sleeve 14 after long use of thenozzle tip, due to the abrasive action of the particles throughpassageway 141, as such rod and sleeve are removably mounted in the base121 and the intermediate element 122 respectively, they may readily bereplaced so that maintenance costs of the nozzle are relatively low.

As many changes could be made in the above construc- I companyingdrawings shall be interpreted as illustrative.

and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described in my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patentto the United States is:

1. A powder spray nozzle comprising a casing having from, and a secondannular outlet encompassing said powder outlet for expelling a stream ofinflammable gas in direction substantially parallel to the direction ofsuch powder stream, and a third annular outlet encompassing said firstand second annular outlets for expelling a stream of air toward saidfirst two streams so as to strike said second stream at an angle of lessthan degrees with respect thereto. I i

2. A powder spray nozzle comprising a casing having an outlet forexpelling a stream of powder therefrom, an annular outlet encompassingsaid powder outlet for ex pelling a stream of air in directionsubstantially parallel to the direction of such powder stream, a secondannular outlet encompassing said first annular outlet for expelling astream of inflammable gas in direction parallel to such air stream and athird annular outlet for expelling a stream of air.

3. The combination set forth in claim 2 in which said third annularoutlet is designed to expel the stream of air therefrom toward said gas,air and powder streams so as to strike the latter at an angle of lessthan 90 degrees with respect thereto.

4. The combination set forth in claim 2 in which said powder outlet isin the form of an annulus and in which said third annular outlet isdesigned to expel the stream of air therefrom toward said gas, air andpowder streams so as to strike the latter at an angle of less than 90degrees with respect thereto.

5. The combination set forth in claim 2 in which three annular chambersare provided in said nozzle, each of said chambers having an inlet,three passageways in said nozzle provide communication between saidchambers and said three annular outlets, the passageways providingcommunication to said first and second annular outlets extendingparallel to the longitudinal axis of Said nozzle and the passagewayproviding communication to said third annular outlet tapering inwardlytoward said third annular outlet from its associated chamber.

6. A powder spray nozzle comprising a nose element having an axial boretherethrough, a rod axially positioned in said bore and having its outerend aligned with the outer surface of said nose element, three spacedconcentric annular members in said bore encompassing said rod, the outerends of said annular members being aligned with the outer surface ofsaid nose element, and defining four concentric annular outlets, andfour chambers in said nozzle in communication respectively with saidannular outlets, each of said chambers having an inlet.

7. The combination set forth in claim 6 in which each of said annularmembers is a sleeve, the innermost sleeve defining a passageway withrespect to said rod extending parallel thereto, the intermediate sleevedefining a passageway with respect to the innermost sleeve 7 t extendingp aral lel'to. saidrod, the outermostsleeveden pa sa ew y it e t aid; ntme i t e i lso ate dit rpaxa e i q aid est. hepi ter u faceofsaidjontermostsleeye, and th'ewa ll' of the borein said nose elementdefining a fourth passageway, said ou pas a e ays xo d n mmun cati p thes o i ed amb h ne mcstp c nd i enns t third'innermost and outermostoutlets respegtiYclY said fourth passageway taperingjnwardly from itsassociated h mb r t iaissb iet di 1 th; f 1 8."T h"e combination set,forth in claim 7 in which said nozzle "has four elements in addition tosaid I nose element, saidjfonr elements I including a base elementchamber in'communicationpwith the innermost outlet 'is between'the baseelement and-the-adjacent intermediate element, thechamber incommunication ,with gthe second innermo st -o utiet is b,etween theintermediate element ad-,

h ent mediate n n t id' nterm d a jacent the, base, and; the, 2 adjacentintermediate element;

the chamber in communication with the, third innermostf outlet isbetween the last named intermediate element and the, third intermediateelement and the chamber in com munication with said outermost. outlet isbetween the thirdintermediate element and the,nose element.

References-Cited in the file of this patent V UNITED STATES .PATENTS j I1,930,373:

Stubenrauch Oct; 10, 1933-: 2,108,998 Schori; Eeb. 22;,19381 2,125,764Benoit Aug.,2'; 19-38,, 2,181,082 Hammonetal. NOR/.1211," 1939 2,544,2591951" Ducciniet a1; Mar. 6,

